Python - Tuples

A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists and tuples use parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets.

Creating a tuple is as simple as putting different comma-separated values. Optionally you can put these comma-separated values between parentheses also. For example −

tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 );tup3 = "a", "b", "c", "d";

The empty tuple is written as two parentheses containing nothing −

tup1 = ();

To write a tuple containing a single value you have to include a comma, even though there is only one value −

tup1 = (50,);

Like string indices, tuple indices start at 0, and they can be sliced, concatenated, and so on.

Accessing Values in Tuples

To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain value available at that index. For example −

 Live Demo

#!/usr/bin/python

tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);

tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 );

print "tup1[0]: ", tup1[0];

print "tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5];

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

tup1[0]:  physics

tup2[1:5]:  [2, 3, 4, 5]

Updating Tuples

Tuples are immutable which means you cannot update or change the values of tuple elements. You are able to take portions of existing tuples to create new tuples as the following example demonstrates −

 Live Demo

#!/usr/bin/python

tup1 = (12, 34.56);

tup2 = ('abc', 'xyz');

# Following action is not valid for tuples

# tup1[0] = 100;

# So let's create a new tuple as follows

tup3 = tup1 + tup2;

print tup3;

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

(12, 34.56, 'abc', 'xyz')

Delete Tuple Elements

Removing individual tuple elements is not possible. There is, of course, nothing wrong with putting together another tuple with the undesired elements discarded.

To explicitly remove an entire tuple, just use the del statement. For example −

 Live Demo

#!/usr/bin/python

tup = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);

print tup;

del tup;

print "After deleting tup : ";

print tup;

This produces the following result. Note an exception raised, this is because after del tup tuple does not exist any more −

('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)

After deleting tup :

Traceback (most recent call last):

   File "test.py", line 9, in <module>

      print tup;

NameError: name 'tup' is not defined

Basic Tuples Operations

Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean concatenation and repetition here too, except that the result is a new tuple, not a string.

In fact, tuples respond to all of the general sequence operations we used on strings in the prior chapter −

Python Expression Results Description

len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length

(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation

('Hi!',) * 4 ('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') Repetition

3 in (1, 2, 3) True Membership

for x in (1, 2, 3): print x, 1 2 3 Iteration

Indexing, Slicing, and Matrixes

Because tuples are sequences, indexing and slicing work the same way for tuples as they do for strings. Assuming following input −

L = ('spam', 'Spam', 'SPAM!')

Python Expression Results Description

L[2] 'SPAM!' Offsets start at zero

L[-2] 'Spam' Negative: count from the right

L[1:] ['Spam', 'SPAM!'] Slicing fetches sections

No Enclosing Delimiters

Any set of multiple objects, comma-separated, written without identifying symbols, i.e., brackets for lists, parentheses for tuples, etc., default to tuples, as indicated in these short examples −

 Live Demo

#!/usr/bin/python

print 'abc', -4.24e93, 18+6.6j, 'xyz';

x, y = 1, 2;

print "Value of x , y : ", x,y;

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

abc -4.24e+93 (18+6.6j) xyz

Value of x , y : 1 2

Scan PDF using Python -Python module for converting PDF to text

All of you must be familiar with what PDFs are. In-fact, they are one of the most important and widely used digital media.  PDF stands for Portable Document Format. It uses .pdf extension. It is used to present and exchange documents reliably, independent of software, hardware, or operating system.

Invented by Adobe, PDF is now an open standard maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). PDFs can contain links and buttons, form fields, audio, video, and business logic.

In the below Example we are just extracting my Airtel Receipt text from PDF with the help ofPython lib "PyPDF2"

Code:

import PyPDF2

pdf=PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(open("C:\MY\Airtel Bill\PaymentReceiptforAirtelAccount.pdf", "rb"))

for page in pdf.pages:

print (page.extractText())

Output:

Read Data from Outlook using Python

When you start e-mail marketing , You need opt-in email address list. You have opt-in list. You are using email client software and If you can export your list from your email client, You will have good list.
Now I am trying to explain my codes to write all emails into test file from your outlook profile.
First you should import win32com.client, You need to install pywin32

pip install pywin32

when you start e-mail marketing , You need opt-in email address list. You have opt-in list. You are using email client software and If you can export your list from your email client, You will have good list.
Now I am trying to explain my codes to write all emails into test file from your outlook profile.
First you should import win32com.client, You need to install pywin32

pip install pywin32

We should connect to Outlook by MAPI

outlook = win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").GetNamespace("MAPI")

Then we should get all accounts in your outlook profile.

accounts= win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").Session.Accounts;

Then You need to get emails from inbox folder that is named emailleri_al.

def emailleri_al(folder):
    messages = folder.Items
    a=len(messages)
    if a>0:
        for message2 in messages:
             try:
                sender = message2.SenderEmailAddress
                if sender != "":
                    print(sender, file=f)
             except:
                print("Ben hatayım")
                print(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName)
                pass

             try:
                message2.Save
                message2.Close(0)
             except:
                 pass

You should go to all account and get inbox folder and get emails

for account in accounts:
    global inbox
    inbox = outlook.Folders(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName)
    print("****Account Name**********************************",file=f)
    print(account.DisplayName,file=f)
    print(account.DisplayName)
    print("***************************************************",file=f)
    folders = inbox.Folders

    for folder in folders:
        print("****Folder Name**********************************", file=f)
        print(folder, file=f)
        print("*************************************************", file=f)
        emailleri_al(folder)
        a = len(folder.folders)

        if a>0 :
            global z
            z = outlook.Folders(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName).Folders(folder.name)
            x = z.Folders
            for y in x:
                emailleri_al(y)
                print("****Folder Name**********************************", file=f)
                print("..."+y.name,file=f)
                print("*************************************************", file=f)

All Code is as the following

import win32com.client
import win32com
import os
import sys

f = open("testfile.txt","w+")

outlook = win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").GetNamespace("MAPI")
accounts= win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").Session.Accounts;

def emailleri_al(folder):
    messages = folder.Items
    a=len(messages)
    if a>0:
        for message2 in messages:
             try:
                sender = message2.SenderEmailAddress
                if sender != "":
                    print(sender, file=f)
             except:
                print("Error")
                print(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName)
                pass

             try:
                message2.Save
                message2.Close(0)
             except:
                 pass



for account in accounts:
    global inbox
    inbox = outlook.Folders(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName)
    print("****Account Name**********************************",file=f)
    print(account.DisplayName,file=f)
    print(account.DisplayName)
    print("***************************************************",file=f)
    folders = inbox.Folders

    for folder in folders:
        print("****Folder Name**********************************", file=f)
        print(folder, file=f)
        print("*************************************************", file=f)
        emailleri_al(folder)
        a = len(folder.folders)

        if a>0 :
            global z
            z = outlook.Folders(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName).Folders(folder.name)
            x = z.Folders
            for y in x:
                emailleri_al(y)
                print("****Folder Name**********************************", file=f)
                print("..."+y.name,file=f)
                print("*************************************************", file=f)



print("Finished Succesfully")

outlook = win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").GetNamespace("MAPI")

Then we should get all accounts in your outlook profile.

accounts= win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").Session.Accounts;

Then You need to get emails from inbox folder that is named emailleri_al.

def emailleri_al(folder):
    messages = folder.Items
    a=len(messages)
    if a>0:
        for message2 in messages:
             try:
                sender = message2.SenderEmailAddress
                if sender != "":
                    print(sender, file=f)
             except:
                print("Ben hatayım")
                print(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName)
                pass

             try:
                message2.Save
                message2.Close(0)
             except:
                 pass

You should go to all account and get inbox folder and get emails

for account in accounts:
    global inbox
    inbox = outlook.Folders(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName)
    print("****Account Name**********************************",file=f)
    print(account.DisplayName,file=f)
    print(account.DisplayName)
    print("***************************************************",file=f)
    folders = inbox.Folders

    for folder in folders:
        print("****Folder Name**********************************", file=f)
        print(folder, file=f)
        print("*************************************************", file=f)
        emailleri_al(folder)
        a = len(folder.folders)

        if a>0 :
            global z
            z = outlook.Folders(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName).Folders(folder.name)
            x = z.Folders
            for y in x:
                emailleri_al(y)
                print("****Folder Name**********************************", file=f)
                print("..."+y.name,file=f)
                print("*************************************************", file=f)

All Code is as the following

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Mon Nov 12 17:09:02 2018

@author: Rohit Kankhedia
"""
import win32com.client
import win32com
import os
import sys

f = open("testfile.txt","w+")

outlook = win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").GetNamespace("MAPI")
accounts= win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application").Session.Accounts;

def emailleri_al(folder):
    messages = folder.Items
    a=len(messages)
    if a>0:
        for message2 in messages:
             try:
                sender = message2.SenderEmailAddress
                if sender != "":
                    print(sender, file=f)
             except:
                print("Error")
                print(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName)
                pass

             try:
                message2.Save
                message2.Close(0)
             except:
                 pass

for account in accounts:
    global inbox
    inbox = outlook.Folders(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName)
    print("****Account Name**********************************",file=f)
    print(account.DisplayName,file=f)
    print(account.DisplayName)
    print("***************************************************",file=f)
    folders = inbox.Folders

    for folder in folders:
        print("****Folder Name**********************************", file=f)
        print(folder, file=f)
        print("*************************************************", file=f)
        emailleri_al(folder)
        a = len(folder.folders)

        if a>0 :
            global z
            z = outlook.Folders(account.DeliveryStore.DisplayName).Folders(folder.name)
            x = z.Folders
            for y in x:
                emailleri_al(y)
                print("****Folder Name**********************************", file=f)
                print("..."+y.name,file=f)
                print("*************************************************", file=f)

print("Finished Succesfully")